We chatted with experts in both nutrition and fitness about exactly what you should eat after a workout to gain muscle, depending on the type of exercise. MPS promotes muscle growth by helping put your body in an anabolic state in which the rate of MPS exceeds the rate of muscle protein breakdown2. Exercise stimulates both the growth and breakdown of muscle tissue3. Eating after a workout helps fuel your body to build muscle (anabolism) while preventing muscle breakdown (catabolism). “Eating after working out encourages the body to create an anabolic environment and supports muscle growth, as it provides your muscles with the nutrients required to repair themselves,” Erin Palinski-Wade, R.D., CDE, a registered dietitian and author of 2-Day Diabetes Diet, tells mindbodygreen. For example, after an endurance (aerobic) workout such as running or cycling, research shows you should aim for a roughly 3:1 carb-to-protein ratio4. This is because cardio workouts expend more energy (calories) but break down less muscle tissue than strength training. Conversely, you can adjust this ratio to 2:1 carbs to protein after completing a strength-training session. While lifting weights doesn’t burn as many calories as running, it breaks down more muscle tissue, meaning amino acids (the building blocks of protein) are required for MPS and muscle growth2 post-workout. For a quick refresher, protein is made up of 20 amino acids5, nine of which are essential (meaning you need to obtain them through diet because they’re not produced in the body). Specifically, the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine are important for muscle growth because they’re broken down in your muscle tissue2 instead of the liver like other essential amino acids. Research indicates that consuming adequate amounts of leucine after a workout (around 2.5 to 3 grams) can significantly enhance MPS and promote muscle growth6. Leucine works best when combined with the other BCAAs, and it also activates mTOR, a pathway that stimulates protein synthesis7. So, how much protein should you eat to build muscle? “If you’re worried about general health, you should be above 100 [grams per day],” Don Layman, Ph.D., a leading protein and amino acid researcher and professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, previously told mindbodygreen. However, “If you’re an athlete that weighs 200+ pounds, you’re probably going to want to be in the 160 [gram] range,” he adds. Per meal, Ben Schermerhorn, CPT, a master personal trainer at Life Time, explains, “Current literature has found that eating 1.6 to 2.2 grams8 of protein for every kilogram of body weight divided over four meals each day best supports muscle building. So aim to consume 24 grams of protein per meal for a 130-pound woman or 32 grams of protein per meal for a 175-pound man at each meal.” RELATED: Trying To Rev Up Your Metabolism? These Targeted Supplements Can Help While plant protein has less of an anabolic effect9 than animal protein on average, all plants contain amino acids and are beneficial for muscle growth. Plus, plant protein sources contain other essential nutrients, such as fiber, vitamins, and minerals, that are excellent for overall health and support muscle growth. “Vegans and vegetarians can meet protein goals by eating plants alone,” says Palinski-Wade. “However, because plants often contain less protein than animal sources, it’s important to balance a vegetarian diet to ensure adequate protein is consumed. Beans, legumes, quinoa, nuts, and seeds can all be great plant-based ways to boost protein.” As far as leucine in plant versus animal products is concerned, Layman previously gave this example: “In whey protein, leucine is about 12%, so 23 grams of whey protein isolate will trigger it. Whereas in soy protein isolate, it’s about 7.8%, so now you need 33 or 34 grams.” This means that plant-based eaters may need to eat more total protein (and more total calories) to reach that all-important leucine threshold for muscle growth. Another macronutrient you shouldn’t neglect after working out is fat. Healthy monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats increase HDL “good” cholesterol levels, which can increase growth hormone production 11and create more amino acids for building muscle tissue. Staying hydrated and maintaining electrolyte balance (e.g., sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium) are also important post-workout. Since water makes up approximately 76% of your muscle mass12, it makes sense that you’d need plenty of this fluid for proper muscle function. In addition, when recovering after an intense workout, it’s vital to replenish electrolytes for repair and hydration. For example, electrolytes such as calcium are essential for helping build tissue13. Additionally, sodium helps maintain proper water balance14 inside and outside your body’s cells. Getting enough calories is another critical component of muscle growth. “To gain muscle, you need adequate calories to support growth. So, make sure you’re meeting your calorie needs daily along with your protein needs to promote muscle gains,” says Palinski-Wade. The one caveat is if you like to exercise at night since eating too close to bedtime can make it more difficult to fall asleep. “If working out in the evening, plan to allow for two hours post-workout refuel to digest before bed when possible,” Palinski-Wade advises. “If that’s not an option, refuel with liquid protein and carbs such as a protein shake to promote quicker digestion and prevent it from impacting your sleep.” In a high-powered blender, add nondairy milk, berries, banana, greens (e.g., kale, spinach, cilantro, parsley), flaxseed, chia seeds, frozen cauliflower, a tablespoon of nut butter, a scoop of protein powder, and you’re good to go. “If you consume a good dose of protein at regular intervals throughout the day, there’s no need to perfectly time your intake immediately before or after your training,” says Schermerhorn. “While more research is needed, the data currently suggests that the anabolic window is more like an anabolic barn door.” “Eating a combination of lean protein and carbs before exercise can promote balanced energy during a workout, while post-workout, protein is king,” Palinski-Wade adds. Adam lives in British Columbia, Canada, with his wife, two kids and an Australian shepherd. That’s where you can find him running mountain trails, working out in his home gym, or writing in a coffee shop.
