We’ll admit, sun care can be a bit confusing. Ever wondered how sunscreen even works? Not sure how much to apply? Or a very important question for those chasing a bronzy glow: Does sunscreen prevent tanning? Well, we’ve consulted the experts to get you these answers and more so you can master this crucial step in your routine. Let’s get into it. “UV rays signal the skin to increase transcription of the tyrosinase gene,” Koestline said. Tyrosinase is responsible for the first step in melanin production. “Sunscreen works by reducing and limiting the signal to reduce tyrosinase production,” she explained. Translation: Sunscreen increases the amount of UV radiation needed to create sun damage on the skin. However, there is a difference between the mechanisms behind mineral and chemical formulas. “Chemical sunscreens work by absorbing UV radiation and catalyzing a chemical reaction that transforms these rays into heat, which is then released from the skin,” Marcus explained. On the flip side, mineral sunscreens create a sun-blocking barrier. “Physical sunscreens physically block UV radiation from reaching the skin by deflecting UV rays,” she continued. At the moment, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide (common ingredients in mineral SPF) are the only two ingredients the Environmental Working Group has deemed safe for use and effective at protecting the skin from UV damage. If you want to learn more, we’ve covered the difference between mineral and chemical sunscreen before. “SPF refers to ‘sun protection factor’ and is a measure of the amount of solar radiation required to produce a burn on protected skin versus the amount required to produce a burn on nonprotected skin,” Marcus explained. “So, it is still possible to tan or burn with sunscreen on, but it takes a larger dose of UV radiation to do so.” Here’s the thing: Most people are not wearing the correct amount of sunscreen, nor reapplying often enough to achieve the SPF level stated on their bottle. So yes—some UV rays will still get through, and if you tan easily, you may still get a tan even with sunscreen on. While lounging under the rays may feel nice and result in a bronzy glow for some, what’s happening behind the scenes is not so pretty. That being said, you don’t have to kiss goodbye your sun-kissed glow. Enter, sunless tanning products. Self-tanners are getting better and better these days, especially the clean options. This means it is possible to achieve a natural-looking, long-lasting, and streak-free tan without the sun damage. Want to invest in safe tanning? Here’s a comprehensive list of some of our favorite natural tanners that will have you bronzed in no time. All that being said—if you have a deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D, like 29% and 41% of Americans respectively do2, you may want to consider taking a high-quality vitamin D supplement (here’s a list of our absolute favorites). At the end of the day, a tan is actually just sun damage. If you want a bronzy glow, opt for natural self-tanners instead. When applying SPF, use a shot glass worth on your body, two finger lengths on your face, and don’t forget about the scalp. There’s a lot that goes into practicing safe sun, so here’s a breakdown of all things sun care if you want to learn more.
